Comparison of staining potential of silver diamine fluoride versus silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide under tooth-colored restorations: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is one of the effectual cariostatic agents widely used in minimal intervention dentistry. However, the major drawback of SDF is dark staining after its application. AIM: In the present study, the staining of 38% SDF alone and 38% SDF and potassium iodide (KI) was compared after restoration with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin composite using ImageJ software. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Forty extracted carious primary teeth were sorted into four groups. In Group I and II, SDF was applied and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. In Group III and IV, SDF application was followed by KI and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. Images were captured after initial applications on day 1 and day 14 after restoration. The captured images were imported to ImageJ software and mean gray values were calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The mean gray values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. There was statistically significant if P < 0.05. RESULTS: Following the application of SDF and RIVA STAR, the baseline mean gray values showed no statistical significance. On day 1, the mean gray values were highest in Group IV (208.30) and lowest in Group I (178.51). Similarly, on day 14, the highest mean gray values were observed in Group IV (208.45) and lowest in Group I (147.6) which were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The restorations after SDF application attained dark stain eventually, whereas with the application of SDF followed by KI (RIVA STAR), the restorations showed the least staining.

Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy Type VIII: A rare clinical presentation, genomics, diagnosis, and management in an infant.

A 7-month-old female child born to nonconsanguineous parents with a history of global developmental delay, since early infancy had reported to the department with facial features of mild dysmorphism. History of finger sucking and finger biting was evident, as there was a massive scab tissue over the dorsal aspect of the index finger, above the finger nail bed. A huge ulcer was evident on the right side of the dorsal aspect of anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Genetic evaluation through targeted gene sequencing confirmed the diagnosis as hereditary sensory, autonomic neuropathy Type VIII (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man - 616488). A homozygous missense variation in exon 3 of PRDM12 was detected. A multidisciplinary approach was planned for the management of the child. A soft splint on the maxilla was fabricated and stabilized with an adhesive. However, the final diagnosis was confirmed by a DNA genomic sequencing test, namely a multigene panel testing or comprehensive genomic sequencing.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of glass ionomer cement added with propolis, chitosan, and chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro study.

CONTEXT: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is known for its antimicrobial activity due to its low pH and fluoride release. The fluoride released has an inhibitory effect on a finite number of bacteria which leads to the risk of recurrent caries. Additives such as chlorhexidine (CHX) and triclosan have been tried to maximize the antibacterial activity of GIC. Although CHX is known for its impressive antimicrobial action, it has adverse after effects which include alteration of commensal oral flora, staining of teeth, etc., Hence, there is a need for a material with improved antimicrobial efficacy with nominal side effects. AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of conventional GIC added with Propolis, Chitosan (CH), and CHX against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty discs of size 10 × 2 mm are prepared with Conventional GIC and GIC added with Propolis, CH and CHX (n = 10) and tested against S. mutans and L. acidophilus using the agar diffusion assay. Zones of inhibition are measured for day 1, 7, and 14, and the data were tabulated and analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA test for intragroup and Tukey's post hoc test for intergroup comparison. RESULTS: The mean value of zone of inhibition (in mm) against S. mutans on day 14 for Group I, II, III, and IV are 11.70 ± 1.49, 16.50 ± 2.23, 19.30 ± 2.87, and 15.60 ± 2.76, respectively. For L. acidophilus, the mean value of the zone of inhibition (in mm) on day 14 are 8.40 ± 0.97, 9.70 ± 0.68, 16.20 ± 2.04, and 12.50 ± 0.97 for Group I, II, III, and IV, respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher antimicrobial activity was shown by GIC with CHX against both strains. GIC with Propolis and GIC with CH were effective in inhibiting S. mutans and L. acidophilus, respectively.

Sequelae of delayed replantation of maxillary permanent incisors after avulsion: A case series with 24-month follow-up and clinical review.

Replantation of avulsed incisors in young children is a successful treatment modality. Almost all replanted teeth exhibit ankylosis followed by inflammatory or replacement resorption, as immediate replantation is practically rare. The purpose of the review is to report a series of cases of prolonged delay in replantation of avulsed incisors and discuss its sequelae, leading to different patterns of root resorption after a minimum follow-up period of 24 months. The present case series is a follow-up of five cases of delayed replantation (more than 24 h delay) without any root surface treatment. Extraoral endodontic therapy was performed before replantation. The avulsed teeth were stabilized using an acid-etch composite resin splint for 4 weeks. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months interval and half-yearly thereafter, for examination of the replanted teeth clinically and radiographically. After 24-month follow-up, the replanted teeth were evaluated for gingival changes and clinical mobility. The radiographs were evaluated for external root resorption or inflammatory resorption, osseous root replacement, or replacement resorption. The case series concludes that avulsed teeth transported in dry as well as dessicated conditions and replanted after a delay of 24 h have a survival rate of more than 24 months, though there is no promising long-term prognosis. The sequelae in most of the cases are surface resorption followed by inflammatory resorption or resorption due to pulpal infection or replacement resorption.

Erupted odontome associated with a primary molar: A unique clinical presentation, 4-year follow-up.

Erupted odontomas occur very rarely in both the primary and permanent dentitions. The present case report discusses an unusual erupted odontome associated with a primary first mandibular molar. A 7-year-old female patient with an erupted odontome in the oral cavity was reported. The surgical extraction of odontome was performed under local anesthesia to allow eruption of underlying premolar tooth. After 4 years of follow-up, the first premolar had erupted with an unusual occlusal morphology, similar to that of a primary first molar. Orthopantomogram revealed no supplemental/supernumerary teeth in the vicinity of the erupted tooth. Early evaluation, precise diagnosis of odontogenic lesions interfering with erupting teeth, especially in the first decade of life is essential for prevention of malocclusion in young children. Erupted permanent successor should be differentiated from a primary first molar to avoid unnecessary extraction.

Idiopathic peripheral ossifying fibroma in a young adolescent girl: A very rare clinical presentation.

The use of the term "fibroma" for any soft-tissue lesion or gingival lesion by general practitioners has led to inadequate diagnosis of quite a few rare entities. The occurrence of gingival lesions in adolescent female patients is a routine clinical finding. The site of occurrence of such a lesion is of prime significance, as the rarity of these lesions is determined by the site and size of the lesion. On the other hand, the dilemma over the diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) versus peripheral odontogenic fibroma still continues. Commonly used synonyms for POF include calcifying fibroblastic granuloma, peripheral fibroma with calcification, peripheral cementifying fibroma, and calcifying or ossifying fibrous epulis. The present case report deals with the management of a unique case of POF between two maxillary central incisors in an adolescent female child patient, followed up to 2-year postsurgical excision.